



Machinability: Some plastics are easier to machine than others, influenced by factors such as hardness, thermal stability, and abrasiveness.
Formability: Plastics can be molded or extruded into complex shapes. Formability is affected by the material’s melt flow index, viscosity, and elasticity.
Surface Finish: Achieving a smooth surface finish often depends on the material’s melt temperature range, shrinkage rate, and mold design.
Dimensional Stability: Plastics expand and contract with temperature changes. High-performance plastics are engineered to minimize dimensional changes.
Strength and Durability: Different plastics offer varying degrees of mechanical strength, impact resistance, and fatigue resistance.
Chemical Resistance: Plastics may resist or degrade when exposed to chemicals. Resistance depends on the material’s chemical composition and molecular structure.
A comprehensive reference guide for material properties, processing methods, and applications of common plastic materials used in CNC machining
| Plastic Type | Material Properties | Processing Methods | Surface Treatment | Typical Applications | Cost | Machining Tips |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)
Thermoplastic
|
|
|
|
|
Low to Moderate | Use sharp tools; Control cutting speed to avoid melting; Good chip formation; Minimal tool wear |
|
PE (Polyethylene)
Thermoplastic
|
|
|
|
|
Low | Use sharp tools; Control machining temperature to reduce warping; Can be gummy; Good for low-stress applications |
|
PP (Polypropylene)
Thermoplastic
|
|
|
|
|
Low to Moderate | Use coolant; Clamp firmly to prevent warping during machining; Sharp tools essential; Moderate cutting speeds |
|
PC (Polycarbonate)
Engineering Plastic
|
|
|
|
|
Moderate to High | Use coolant during machining; Avoid stress concentration; Sharp tools with positive rake; Low feed rates |
|
Nylon (PA 6, PA 66)
Engineering Plastic
|
|
|
|
|
Moderate | Use slow cutting speeds; Keep tools sharp; Account for moisture-related dimensional changes; Can be gummy |
|
Acrylic (PMMA)
Engineering Plastic
|
|
|
|
|
Moderate | Use low cutting forces; Avoid rough handling to prevent chipping; Sharp tools essential; Can crack if stressed |
|
POM (Polyoxymethylene)
Engineering Plastic
|
|
|
|
|
Moderate | Use sharp tools; Avoid machining at very low temperatures; Good dimensional stability; Produces long chips |
|
PEEK (Polyetheretherketone)
High-Performance Plastic
|
|
|
|
|
High | Use sharp carbide tools; High cutting speeds with low feed rates; Good chip formation; Coolant recommended |
|
PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)
High-Performance Plastic
|
|
|
|
|
High | Soft and gummy; Use very sharp tools; Low cutting speeds; Can be difficult to hold dimensional tolerances |
|
PEI (Polyetherimide) - Ultem
High-Performance Plastic
|
|
|
|
|
High | Use sharp carbide tools; Moderate cutting speeds; Good dimensional stability; Can be brittle |
|
PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate)
Thermoplastic
|
|
|
|
|
Medium | Use sharp tools; Moderate cutting speeds; Can be brittle; Good for precision parts |
|
PBT (Polybutylene Terephthalate)
Engineering Plastic
|
|
|
|
|
Medium | Good machinability; Use standard cutting tools; Moderate speeds and feeds; Low warpage |
|
PPS (Polyphenylene Sulfide)
High-Performance Plastic
|
|
|
|
|
High | Use carbide tools; High cutting speeds; Good dimensional stability; Abrasive to tools |